More generally, if the current working directory contains any file with a base name of `.` and a file extension from `PATHEXT` (except `.bat` and `.cmd`), and also contains another file with the same base name as a program Git LFS intends to execute (such as `git`, `cygpath`, or `uname`) and any file extension from `PATHEXT` (including `.bat` and `.cmd`), then, on Windows, when Git LFS attempts to execute the intended program the `.exe`, `.com`, etc., file will be executed instead, but only if the intended program is not found in any directory listed in `PATH`. Similarly, if the malicious repository contains files named `.exe` and `cygpath.exe`, and `cygpath.exe` is not found in `PATH`, the `.exe` program will be executed when certain Git LFS commands are run. On Windows, if Git LFS operates on a malicious repository with a `.exe` file as well as a file named `git.exe`, and `git.exe` is not found in `PATH`, the `.exe` program will be executed, permitting the attacker to execute arbitrary code. If users do not need it, they can turn it off for the most important modules. Usually, it needs to be specifically enabled at senders. Octet-counted framing is not very common. We do not expect it to be present on any production installation. Module `imdiag` is a diagnostics module primarily intended for testbench runs. When this practice is followed, the risk is considerably lower.
It is best practice not to directly expose them to the public. Modules `imtcp`, `imptcp`, `imgssapi`, and `imhttp` are used for regular syslog message reception. It is relatively uncommon, but enabled by default on receivers. Octet-counted framing is one of two potential framing modes. In our opinion, this makes remote exploits impossible or at least highly complex. However, once the sequence of digits stop, no additional characters can be added to the buffer.
While there is a check for the maximum number of octets, digits are written to a heap buffer even when the octet count is over the maximum, This can be used to overrun the memory buffer. The bug occurs when the octet count is read. But there may still be a slight chance for experts to do that.
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As of our understanding, this vulnerability can not be used for remote code execution. This can result in a segfault or some other malfunction. Modules for TCP syslog reception have a potential heap buffer overflow when octet-counted framing is used. Rsyslog is a rocket-fast system for log processing.
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